Madeleine completed her PhD in Sociology at the University of Wisconsin in 2019. Her research examines debates over the nature of biological sex that arise as part of gender equality projects in sport and bio-medicine. Madeleine considers how feminists and other advocates of women’s inclusion, including scientists and policymakers, often come to disagree over the nature of sex, its relationship to gender, and its relevance to women’s experiences in sport and health.

Her research has received funding from the National Science Foundation, the Center for Engaged Scholarship, and the Olympic Studies Center.